blood clots | Anne Sigmon

June 15, 2018November 11, 2018

Why You Need to Know about Antiphospholipid Syndrome—APS

When I was diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome in 2002, I felt like I’d fallen into a bad sci-fi movie. I’d never heard of APS; even most of my doctors had never heard of it. I had a hard time finding information about it. There was no “national society of …” The best source of information I found was NORD—the National Organization for Rare Disorders.

Although APS is still listed in the NORD system, it turns out that APS really isn’t rare. At the time, 16 years ago, it wasn’t very well known. But research and increased awareness have greatly expanded our understanding of APS.

The reason you should care is simple:

Antiphospholipid Syndrome—APS—is dangerous and much more common than first thought.

It’s now estimated that one to five percent of the general population has APS.

That’s about two to six million women in the US, comparable to the number of women living with cancer.

There is now an organization, The APS Foundation of America—founded in 2005—that promotes antiphospholipid syndrome education, public awareness, research, and patient services.

These statistics from the APS Foundation of America demonstrate the seriousness of APS as a health problem—particularly, though not exclusively—for women:

APS is the No. 1 cause of strokes in young people.
One third of strokes occurring in people under 50 are due to APS. Mine was one of those.
Estrogen in the form of birth control pills and hormone replacement–perfectly safe for most women–can be deadly for women with APS.
20% of blood clots in large veins (deep vein thrombosis, including pulmonary embolism) are caused by APS.
10-25% of women with recurrent miscarriages have APS. If properly diagnosed and treated, many of them will be able to deliver healthy babies. That was not the case in years past. Undiagnosed APS is the reason I was not able to have children.
APS is a major women’s health issue: 75-90% of those affected by APS are women.

The hallmark of APS is a tendency for blood clots to form when they shouldn’t. Patients who’ve had repeated blood clotting episodes should ask their doctors about testing for APS.

Learn more about antiphospholipid syndrome on my APS resources page.

But if you or someone you love has APS, don’t despair. APS is treatable, primarily with drugs like aspirin, Coumadin (generic warfarin), and other blood thinners.

Coming up:

APS symptoms
How APS is diagnosed
How APS is treated
Resources for APS patients
Blood thinning: it’s more complicated than it looks
Living with Coumadin
Why I rejected the new blood thinners like Xaralto.

February 12, 2018September 25, 2018

Hospital PICC IVs can pose blood clot risks

Check in to a hospital, whether for illness or tests, and an IV is almost sure to appear. They’re everywhere, delivering fluids and potentially live-saving drugs to patients.

The “normal” IV, called an intravenous catheter, delivers medicines into a vein near the skin surface. It can be safety left in place for 3-4 days.

If the treatment must go on for longer—for example, chemotherapy or long-term antibiotic or cancer treatment, hospital sometimes use a PICC line (peripherally inserted central catheter), photo above. With proper care, the PICC line can be left in place for months.

According to Vineet Chopra, University of Michigan assistant professor of Internal Medicine and a leader of a recent study, PICCs are much easier to use than normal IVs. Because PICCs can stay inserted for longer than other IVs, Chopra said patients can go home with them, resulting in less time in the hospital and added convenience for the patient. Furthermore, PICCs can reach all the way to the heart, whereas normal IVs end in the arm.

But PICC lines pose a risk for blood clots that can be especially severe for patients who have already had clotting problems.

In a recent study by the University of Michigan, almost 30 percent of patients with PICC lines developed blood clots. Patients who had any kind of surgery during their hospital stay, or had had any kind of deep clot in their medical history, were more likely to get a DVT (deep vein thrombosis) associated with their PICC.

The results, says Chopra, suggest that doctors should use PICCs only when they really need them – and that they should tread carefully when considering PICCs for certain patients, monitor for clots, ensure patients continue taking aspirin and statins that they were already on, and take the PICC out before any operation.

Patients should feel empowered to ask what kind of IV device they’re getting, and what risks it carries, before one is placed, he says. Once a patient has a PICC, it’s important that they know what symptoms might indicate they have a clot – and to ask when the PICC can come out.

I’m glad to know this. As an APS patient with a history of blood clot in the brain, I want to reduce my risk of clots any way I can. That means avoiding PICC lines unless they’re absolutely mandatory. And if I’m ever forced into a PICC line, I’ll know to make sure my medical team is extra vigilant in clot prevention.

For more information about the University of Michigan Study, look here: http://bit.ly/1FMyo6I

January 15, 2018November 11, 2018

Twelve tips for preventing blood clots

Sometimes it seems like blood clots rule my life. It was a clot that caused my stroke in 2002, precipitated by the autoimmune clotting disorder antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).

APS has a nasty tendency to “re-thrombose” — that’s the medical jargon I read, soon after my stroke, telling me I was highly likely to have another.

My first defense is taking the blood thinner Coumadin (warfarin) — for life, all my doctors have insisted. I take their advice.

I also look for other ways to discourage blood clots. Here are twelve tips worth knowing.

12 tips for preventing blood clots:

Maintain an active lifestyle and exercise regularly — daily, if possible.
Maintain a healthy weight
Eat a healthy diet.
Don’t smoke
Get your blood pressure checked regularly; take steps to lower it, if necessary.
Report any family or personal history of blood-clotting problems to your doctor. If, like me, you’re at high risk, you may need to consider medications to prevent clots.
Discuss alternatives to birth control pills or hormone-replacement therapy with your doctor.
If you are on an airplane for more than four hours, either walk or do leg stretches in your seat. Drink lots of water while flying and avoid alcohol.
If you are at special risk for clots, consider compression socks. I use them whenever I fly long distances. I found—to my great surprise—that I actually like them. I call them “happy feet.”
During pregnancy, ask your doctor what you can do to help prevent clots.
With your doctor, develop clot-prevention strategies for any surgical procedure that will last more than an hour.
Cancer patients are especially prone to blood clots. If you have cancer, talk to your doctor about making blood clot prevention an integral part of your treatment plan.

For further information:

Seven Simple Lifestyle Steps May Decrease Risk of Blood Clots

On the alert for deep-vein blood clots

Cancer and Blood Clots: a complicated connection

August 5, 2017November 11, 2018

What Women Need to Know About the Hidden Risk Factors for Stroke

Stroke is not a geriatric disease. It’s not confined to overweight smokers who have high blood pressure and high cholesterol. “Those are the most common risks,” according to Steven J. Kittner, M.D., director of the Maryland Stroke Center at the University of Maryland School of Medicine in Baltimore. “But strokes can affect anyone at any age. There are other risk factors for stroke that are especially important for women under fifty-five.”

I call them the “hidden” risk factors for stroke. They are very real, especially for women, but not as talked about in the stroke prevention literature. These “hidden” risks caused me to have a stroke at only forty-eight ears old. They include:

Migraines: Recent research shows that women who suffer from migraines with aura (visual disturbances such as flashing dots or blind spots) can be up to ten times more likely to suffer a stroke, depending on other risk factors.

Birth Control Pills: Women who take even a low-estrogen birth control pill are twice as likely to have a stroke than those who don’t.

Hormone Replacement Therapy: Women who take hormone replacement therapy may have a slightly increased stroke risk.

Autoimmune disorders such as diabetes or lupus can increase the risk of stroke.

Clotting disorders: Women who’ve had more than one miscarriage may be at higher risk for blood clots, which can increase their chance of a stroke. Other signs of a possible clotting disorder can include previous history of clots in the legs (deep vein thrombosis); and livedo retiularis, a mottled purplish discoloration of the skin, especially when it is cold.

And, risk factors are cumulative,” Dr. Kittner says. “Reducing even one risk can greatly lower your chances of having a stroke.”

Prevent stroke by knowing your risks and reducing them as much as you can.

June 15, 2017November 11, 2018

What the *^## is Antiphospholipid Syndrome–APS?

I felt like the doomed heroine of a bad sci-fi flick, zapped by zeta rays from planet Krypton when, a few weeks after my stroke, I first heard my unpronounceable, incomprehensible diagnosis: ‘antiphospholipid syndrome.’ I’d never heard of APS. Nobody I knew had ever heard of APS, even most of my doctors had never heard of APS. Many of them still havn’t. Excerpt from Anne’s memoir

APS is sometimes called “sticky blood” because it causes an increased tendency to form blood clots in the veins and arteries. Clotting can lead to serious health complications ranging from miscarriages and migraine headaches to blood clots in the legs, in the lungs, heart attacks or, in my case and many others’, stroke.

Here are some important facts about Antiphospholipid Syndrome:

APS is a blood clotting disorder that causes the blood to clot when it shouldn’t.
It does this by signaling the immune system to make antibodies to attack blood proteins called phospholipids (phos-pho-lipids). These proteins help moderate the body’s natural blood-clotting process so it stops when it should. Thus the name: anti (against) phos-pho-lipids.
I think of it this way: the APS antibodies are like out of control PacMen, dashing through my blood gobbling up the good little minions who help put the brakes on my clotting system.
In the UK, APS is called Hughes Syndrome, named after Dr. Graham Hughes, the professor and Lupus specialist who first described APS in 1983. I rather wish we called it Hughes Syndrome in the US, too. It’s a lot easier to learn and think about something I can pronounce.
APS is a common cause of miscarriage, blood clots in the legs (deep vein thrombosis), the lungs (pulmonary embolism), the heart (heart attack), and the brain (stroke).
APS is also an autoimmune disease, because the antibodies that attack our blood proteins are attacking parts the ‘self’ instead of invading organisms like virus and bacteria.
Like lupus and other autoimmune diseases, APS can “flare” at times, causing weakness, fatigue, achy muscles and joints, especially when we’re tired or stressed.
Because most patients with APS take some kind of bloodthinner, we must try hard to avoid bleeding accidents. For some of us, this is one of the most vexing aspects of the disease: walking a line between blood that’s so “thick” it causes clots, or so “thin” it causes abnormal bleeding.
APS is sometimes found in conjunction with other autoimmune diseases, particularly lupus. It’s estimated that 50% of Lupus patients also have APS. (Johns Hopkins Lupus Center)
APS can also occur on its own. This is called primary APS.

Learn more about antiphospholipid syndrome on the APS resources page.

Coming up—Information on:

APS symptoms
How APS is diagnosed
How APS is treated
Clearing up confusion about APS: Questions I frequently hear from other patients
Resources for APS patients
Blood thinning: it’s more complicated than it looks
Living with Coumadin
Why I rejected the new blood thinners like Xaralto.

March 8, 2017November 11, 2018

Blood clots can kill. Know your risks and manage them.

Blood clots are no joke.

The toll is staggering: More than two million people in the US suffer serious blood clots each year, from deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE) or stroke.

Almost half a million of them die.

The most important way to protect yourself is to know your risks and manage them.

I had no idea I was at risk for blood clots until I had an ischemic (caused by a clot) stroke. Even as it happened, as the paramedics and the neurologist were telling I was having a stroke, I knew they were wrong:

Of course I’m not having a stroke, I wanted to tell him. Strokes are for the elderly, for smokers, for overweight couch potatoes. I’m forty-eight years old, fit, and perfectly healthy. But the words were trapped in my head.

Excerpt from Scrambing Back

I was the one who was wrong that day. I was fit, but I had several risk factors for blood clots that had never crossed my mind.

The first step in preventing blood clots is to know your risk.

Risk factors for blood clots:

Being over 60 years old
Having cancer
Obesity, especially with a BMI (body mass index) of 30 or more
Dehydration
Thrombophilia —any a condition that causes your blood to clot more easily than normal. Common causes of thrombophilia include:
— genetic mutations such as Factor V Leiden, prothrombin 20210, or protein C or protein S deficiency
— Acquired blood-clotting disorders such as antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)
— High levels of homocysteine in the blood
Health problems such as heart disease, lung problems, or a serious infection
Having an autoimmune disease or another inflammatory condition
Personal history of blood clots: deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), or stroke
Family history of blood clots
Taking birth control pills containing estrogen
Using hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
Varicose veins with phlebitis (inflammation)
Being pregnant or having given birth within the past 6 weeks
Being less mobile than normal, especially if you move around very little for more than 3 days
Having abdominal surgery or surgery for an inflammatory condition
Having any surgery that lasts more than an hour and a half, or more than an hour if it involves your legs or pelvis.

Learn more about the risk and prevention of blood clots here:

Mayo Clinic: Risk Factors for DVT and Risk Factors for Pulmonary Embolism

Lund University: Increased risk of blood clots on the lung (PE) for patients with autoimmune diseases

Clot Connect, sponsored by the Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill: Symptoms, Risk Factors and Prevention

APS Foundation of America: Risk Factors for DVT

Prevent DVT.org: Assess Your DVT Risk

Coming next week on AnneSigmon.com: Strategies for preventing blood clots

February 2, 2016February 2, 2016

Patient Survey about Blood Thinner Preferences

Patients who take blood thinners because they’ve had deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE) are being recruited for a new survey about blood thinner preferences.

The study is being conducted at the University of Minnesota by Dr. Pamela Lutsey. The goal of the study is to learn more about patients’ concerns and preferences regarding blood thinner use for the treatment of DVT and PE.

According to Dr. Stephan Moll of the University of North Carolina, the results will help investigators better create future clinical studies to improve treatment of DVT and PE.

DVY and PE patients can access the secure survey site here: z.umn.edu/vtesurvey.

June 14, 2015November 11, 2018

My Introduction to Antiphospholipid Syndrome

My experience with Antiphospholipid Syndrome—APS—began thirteen years ago with the cataclysm of a stroke. As the new year opened, I was 48 years old and the picture of health: a trim, fit, non-smoker with perfect blood pressure and no obvious risk factors any disease I knew of. I had a challenging consulting practice in marketing and public relations. My grandparents and great-parents had lived to healthy old age; I imagined that would be my future, too.

Then—out of the blue—I was slammed by a full-on a stroke. On that eerie morning when the stroke hit, I was lost in a mental whiteout, unable to remember my address, my husband’s name, or how to dial 9-1-1. I had no idea what was wrong. Alone in the house and profoundly confused, but not yet panicked, I managed to get help by dialing “O” for an operator. The terror set in when I tried to speak and realized my words were nothing but gibberish. My heart thumped. Oh, God. She’s going to hang up. She must think I’m a kid playing with the phone, or a crank, or a drunk. Instead, the operator traced the call and sent an ambulance.

When the paramedic told me he thought I was having a stroke, I thought he was nuts.

Of course I’m not having a stroke, I wanted to tell him. Strokes are for the elderly, for smokers, for overweight couch potatoes. I’m forty-eight years old, fit, and perfectly healthy. Perfectly healthy people don’t wake up one morning and have a stroke. But the words were trapped in my head.

At the hospital, the ER neurologist was also stumped. She’d learned that I was taking birth control pills, which can be a risk factor for stroke. But when all my tests of heart and lung function were normal, she still wasn’t satisfied. Somehow she doubted birth control pills told the whole story.

Three weeks after the stroke, she sent me to a hematologist who, after more blood tests and a very detailed health history, diagnosed Antiphospholipid Syndrome–APS–on the spot. How? For at least 20 years, he told me, I’d had subtle symptoms that pointed to an autoimmune illness and APS.

As part of APS Awareness Month, here are some topics to be aware of:

What is APS?
APS symptoms
How APS is diagnosed
How APS is treated
Resources for APS patients
Blood thinning: it’s more complicated than it looks
Living with Coumadin
Why I rejected the new blood thinners like Xaralto.

I hope you’ll check back. And, if you or someone else in your life has APS, I’d love to hear about your experience.

April 14, 2014

Lupus patients: New study shows that antiphospholipid antibodies can complicate health

A recent study conducted in Hungary has found that Lupus patients who also have antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)—or who are positive for aPL antibodies even without an APS diagnosis—face added health risks unrelated to blood clots.

APS increases the risk of blood clots that can cause miscarriage, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism, heart attack, and stroke.

But the Hungarian study found other other health health complications—such as haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia and endocarditis— occur more frequently in lupus patients who are aPL positive.

In addition, the study found that lupus patients who have full-blown APS are predisposed to more severe SLE manifestations including pleuritis, interstitial lung disease, myocarditis, nephritis, and organic brain syndrome.

The study was conducted at theDepartment of Rheumatology, University of Szeged, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, Szeged, Hungary.

The results of the study were announced in the journal Lupus.

Read more about the study here:http://bit.ly/1gWVIP0

May 26, 2013May 26, 2013

Genetic Basis Identified for Type of Migraine That Increases Stroke Risk

A research team at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), has identified a genetic mutation that is strongly associated with a typical form of migraine headache—migraine with aura. The research “puts us one step closer to understanding the molecular pathway to pain in migraine,” according to Louis J. Ptáček, senior investigator on the study and a professor of neurology at UCSF. “And, as we come to a clearer understanding, we can start thinking about better therapies,” he said.

The mutation is in the gene known as casein kinase I delta (CKIdelta). You can read more about the research here.

Could that mean that, one day, genetic testing can help identify people who are at increased for stroke? I hope so. I was one of them

I suffered from relatively mild migraines for twenty years before I had a stroke. Though mild, my migraines were the type of migraine the UCSF study describes: with “aura,” that strange visual disturbance that always preceded the headache—blind spots, zigzag lines or flashing dots that seemed to pulse before my eyes. Once I saw the aura, the rest would be only minutes behind—the pounding headache, over-sensitivity to light and sound, sometimes nausea. I knew women who had migraines so severe they had to stay home from work and retreat to a dark room in agony. Fortunately mine weren’t that bad.

But—though I didn’t know it at the time—even these mild migraines put me at significantly increased risk for stroke.

Women who suffer from migraines with aura (visual disturbances such as flashing dots or blind spots) can be up to ten times more likely to suffer a stroke, depending on other risk factors, according to Dr. Steven J. Kittner, professor of neurology and director of the Maryland Stroke Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine.

Migraine is also one of the symptoms of the clotting disorder that caused my stroke, an autoimmune disease I never knew I had until I was slammed by a stroke at forty-eight years old. It’s called Antiphospholipid Syndrome or APS. APS is also sometimes called “sticky” blood because it makes the blood “thicker” and more prone to clots. After my stroke more than ten years ago, I was put on blood thinners for life. I haven’t had a migraine since. It almost seems to me like the headache signaled my sludgy blood struggling flow through my brain. Until it got stuck and formed a clot that caused a stroke that reordered my life.

I want to get the word out about migraine. If you have them, you’re at increased risk for stroke. Do your brain a favor: evaluate any other risks for stroke you have, and try to reduce them.

Risk factors are cumulative,” Dr. Kittner adds. “Reducing even one risk can greatly lower your chances of having a stroke.”

Read more about the risk factors for stroke here in this list from the National Stroke Association.